Agena

Agena is a procedural programming language derived from Lua, Algol 68 and Maple, focused on scientific computing, data analysis and text processing. It operates as an interpreter with a clean syntax, providing native complex numbers, matrix operations and statistical functions across Windows, Linux, macOS and embedded platforms.

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• Real and complex arithmetic. Full support for IEEE floating‑point and complex numbers with all transcendental functions (exp, log, trig, hyperbolic). Complex operations are first‑class citizens, allowing direct manipulation of phasors, quantum states or AC circuit values without external libraries.
• Linear algebra and matrix calculus. Native matrix type with operators for multiplication, inversion, transposition, determinant, eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Matrices can be sliced and reshaped; the engine uses LAPACK routines internally for performance and accuracy.
• Descriptive and inferential statistics. Functions for mean, median, variance, covariance, correlation, t‑tests and ANOVA. Random number generators for uniform, normal, exponential and Poisson distributions are included for Monte Carlo simulations and bootstrapping.
• Numerical integration and differentiation. Adaptive quadrature (Simpson, Gauss‑Legendre) and finite‑difference derivatives with configurable steps. Ordinary differential equation solvers (Runge‑Kutta, Adams) handle initial value problems for engineering and physical models.
• Text and regular expression processing. Perl‑compatible regular expressions for search/replace and tokenization. Built‑in string type supports concatenation, slicing, formatting and conversion between numeric and string representations for data cleaning.
• 2D graphics and data visualization. Plotting library for scatter plots, line charts, histograms and surface plots. Graphs can be displayed interactively or saved as PNG, SVG or EPS. The graphics backend is lightweight and does not require external plotting programs.
• Dynamic data structures. Lists, records (structs) and associative tables with heterogeneous element types. Tables can be nested to represent trees, JSON objects or configuration data; they are garbage‑collected and grow automatically.
• Special functions and transforms. Implementation of gamma, beta, error function (erf), Bessel functions (J, Y, I, K), Legendre polynomials and fast Fourier transform (FFT). These cover applications in wave propagation, probability distributions and signal analysis.
• File I/O and data interchange. Read/write CSV files, formatted text tables and binary data. Support for scanning files with format strings similar to C's scanf, and for writing reports with precise column alignment and scientific notation.
• Runtime expression evaluation. The eval() function parses and executes strings containing Agena code during runtime, enabling symbolic computation, user‑defined functions and dynamic script generation from templates.
• Control structures and procedural abstraction. Classical if‑then‑else, while, repeat and for loops. Procedures can return multiple values, accept variable arguments and be recursive. Local variables and closures are supported for modular programming.
• Multi‑precision arithmetic. Optional big integer and high‑precision decimal arithmetic via integrated libraries (GMP/MPFR). This is crucial for cryptography, number theory and any domain where double‑precision rounding is unacceptable.

Agena was first released in 2008 by an individual developer who based its virtual machine on the ANSI C implementation of Lua. The codebase was extensively modified to add scientific data types, mathematical libraries and a simplified syntax reminiscent of Algol 60/68. Development continues on SourceForge with contributions from academic and engineering users.

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